• Instead of receptor interaction or GT activity

  2020-06-11

  

  Instead of receptor interaction or GT activity, we focused on the CPD and autoprocessing. The CPDs from the 2 toxins are highly homologous: each cysteine protease targets an intramolecular substrate and mediates InsP6-induced autoprocessing to release the GTD into host cytosol.40, 41 However, TcdB i

• The molecular mechanism by which CRM regulates IEC apoptosis

  2020-06-11

  

  The molecular mechanism by which CRM1 regulates IEC apoptosis in CD remains to be explored. As an inhibitor of cyclin E-Cdk2, p27kip1 plays a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation, S phase entry, and G1 phase exit during development and tumorigenesis [38]. As previously reported, p27kip1 is

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In this

  2020-06-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we confirmed the activation of Akt by udenafil in 3T3-L1 cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of udenafil, we focused on the mitochondria. Our findings demonstrated that udenafil improved mitochondrial function and expression o

• The transcription factor CREB has been

  2020-06-11

  

  The transcription factor CREB has been extensively studied for its role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory (West et al., 2002, Lonze and Ginty, 2002). Previous research has demonstrated that the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, performed by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, initiates a casca

• Another important new result that has

  2020-06-11

  

  Another important new result that has expanded the range of functions of iPLA2-VIA in physiology and pathophysiology is its implication in macrophage polarization under stimulation conditions. Ashley et al. [129] described in peritoneal macrophages from Pla2g6−/− mice that the absence of iPLA2-VIA f

• Upon assembly of HLA tetramers loaded with either of

  2020-06-11

  

  Upon assembly of HLA tetramers loaded with either of the two peptide versions, we could query the T cell repertoires of RA subjects and healthy individuals for the presence of cognate T PF-3758309 recognizing the respective peptide-HLA complexes. We found no significant difference in frequencies of

• In general we observed that the enolase

  2020-06-11

  

  In general, we observed that the enolase gene with highest mRNA levels was TVAG_043500, under all three iron concentration conditions. mRNA levels for this gene are very similar in normal and iron rich cultures (73.9 and 78.1 fold change, respectively), and higher in iron depleted cultures (118.3 fo

• Mulan is one of three E ubiquitin ligases that

  2020-06-11

  

  Mulan is one of three E3 ubiquitin ligases that are present in the mitochondria along with MARCH5/MITOL (membrane associated RING-CH5) and RNF185 [14], [15], [16], [17]. Mulan is a 352-residue polypeptide that crosses the mitochondrial outer membrane (OMM) twice, its amino-terminus, which includes t

• A different example of substrate dependent activation

  2020-06-11

  

  A different example of substrate-dependent activation is seen in CSN5, a JAMM-type DUB found in the eight subunit COP9 signalosome (CSN) [34]. The CSN deconjugates NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 8) from Cullin Ring ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs). Through this activ

• br Structural and biochemical features of pol X family polym

  2020-06-11

  

  Structural and biochemical features of pol X family polymerases The X-family DNA polymerase (polX) is specialized in DNA repair. This family is composed of four different DNA polymerases: pol β, pol λ, pol μ and TdT. Only three members of the polX family possess an N-terminal BRCT (BRCA1 carboxy-

• ATP dependent DNA ligases in vertebrates

  2020-06-11

  

  ATP-dependent DNA ligases in vertebrates are divided in three families [7]. Family I DNA ligases are responsible for sealing the nicks during DNA replication and in long-patch base excision repair (BER). Family III DNA ligases are involved in short-patch BER. Lastly, family IV DNA ligases are involv

• As mentioned above of various constitutive models the Chaboc

  2020-06-10

  

  As mentioned above, of various constitutive models, the Chaboche kinematic model was widely used [3,7,[23], [24], [25], [26], [27]]. There exist many significant literature around the Chaboche/Chaboche type plasticity model calibration and its parameter determination methods. Aguis et al. [28] emplo

• The nucleus accumbens is a critical locus for ER

  2020-06-10

  

  The nucleus accumbens is a critical locus for ER/mGluR signaling in the context of addiction ER/mGluR signaling is regulated by caveolin proteins and palmitoylation Because of the vast implications of ER/mGluR association, it is important to understand what regulates their interaction. Such regu

• dfmo br Structure and function of EPAC

  2020-06-10

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• This study showed that ER redox disturbance associated ER st

  2020-06-10

  

  This study showed that ER-redox disturbance-associated ER stress is linked to cytoplasmic chaperone signaling, including HSP90 stability and its client protein, eNOS. The highly increased PERK and IRE-1α lead to dissociation with the chaperone protein, thereby decreasing HSP90 stability (Fig. 5B). S

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